As a result, estuaries are among the most productive places on Earth and support many types of life. Here, nutrients and salts from the ocean mix with those from the river in regions sheltered from extreme weather.
An estuary is a coastal zone where oceans meet rivers. Although there is some disagreement, several types of marine ecosystems are largely agreed on: estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove forests, coral reefs, the open ocean, and the deep-sea ocean. The number of marine ecosystems is actively debated. Types of Marine Ecosystems Scientists divide marine ecosystems into several broad categories, although there are discrepancies depending on the source about what qualifies as a marine ecosystem. Below the dysphotic zone lies the aphotic zone, which does not receive any sunlight. At these depths, sunlight is still available, but only enough to facilitate some photosynthesis. Below the euphotic zone is the dysphotic zone, which can reach from 200 to as deep as 1,000 meters (656 to 3,280 feet) below the surface. At this depth, there is sufficient light for regular photosynthetic activity. The topmost part of a marine ecosystem is the euphotic zone, extending down as far as 200 meters (656 feet) below the surface. It’s so important that scientists classify parts of marine ecosystems-up to three-by the amount of light they receive. Sunlight is one of the most important abiotic factors for marine ecosystems. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and microbes important abiotic factors include the amount of sunlight in the ecosystem, the amount of oxygen and nutrients dissolved in the water, proximity to land, depth, and temperature. Marine ecosystems are defined by their unique biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors.
Marine ecosystems are aquatic environments with high levels of dissolved salt, such as those found in or near the ocean.
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